Android 原生UI组件

提示

原生模块和原生组件是我们传统架构中使用的稳定技术。 当新架构稳定后，它们将被弃用。新架构使用TurboModule和Fabric 组件来实现类似的功能。

在如今的 App 中，已经有成千上万的原生 UI 部件了——其中的一些是平台的一部分，另一些可能来自于一些第三方库，而且可能你自己还收藏了很多。React Native 已经封装了大部分最常见的组件，譬如ScrollView和TextInput，但不可能封装全部组件。而且，说不定你曾经为自己以前的 App 还封装过一些组件，React Native 肯定没法包含它们。幸运的是，在 React Naitve 应用程序中封装和植入已有的组件非常简单。

和原生模块向导一样，本向导也是一个相对高级的向导，我们假设你已经对 Android 编程颇有经验。本向导会引导你如何构建一个原生 UI 组件，带领你了解 React Native 核心库中ImageView组件的具体实现。

info

您还可以通过一个命令来配置生成包含原生组件的本地库模板。阅读本地库设置指南以获取更多详细信息。

ImageView 示例

在这个例子里，我们来看看为了让 JavaScript 中可以使用 ImageView，需要做哪些准备工作。

原生视图需要被一个ViewManager的派生类（或者更常见的，SimpleViewManager的派生类）创建和管理。一个SimpleViewManager可以用于这个场景，是因为它能够包含更多公共的属性，譬如背景颜色、透明度、Flexbox 布局等等。

这些子类本质上都是单例——React Native 只会为每个管理器创建一个实例。它们创建原生的视图并提供给NativeViewHierarchyManager，NativeViewHierarchyManager 则会反过来委托它们在需要的时候去设置和更新视图的属性。ViewManager还会代理视图的所有委托，并给 JavaScript 发回对应的事件。

提供原生视图很简单：

1. 创建一个 ViewManager 的子类。
2. 实现createViewInstance方法。
3. 导出视图的属性设置器：使用@ReactProp（或@ReactPropGroup）注解。
4. 把这个视图管理类注册到应用程序包的createViewManagers里。
5. 实现 JavaScript 模块。

1. 创建ViewManager的子类

在这个例子里我们创建一个视图管理类ReactImageManager，它继承自SimpleViewManager<ReactImageView>。ReactImageView是这个视图管理类所管理的对象类型，也就是我们自定义的原生视图。getName方法返回的名字会用于在 JavaScript 端引用。

kotlin

class ReactImageManager(
    private val callerContext: ReactApplicationContext
) : SimpleViewManager<ReactImageView>() {

  override fun getName() = REACT_CLASS

  companion object {
    const val REACT_CLASS = "RCTImageView"
  }
}

java

public class ReactImageManager extends SimpleViewManager<ReactImageView> {

  public static final String REACT_CLASS = "RCTImageView";
  ReactApplicationContext mCallerContext;

  public ReactImageManager(ReactApplicationContext reactContext) {
    mCallerContext = reactContext;
  }

  @Override
  public String getName() {
    return REACT_CLASS;
  }
}

2. 实现方法createViewInstance

视图在createViewInstance中创建，且应当把自己初始化为默认的状态。所有属性的设置都通过后续的updateView来进行。

kotlin

  override fun createViewInstance(context: ThemedReactContext) =
      ReactImageView(context, Fresco.newDraweeControllerBuilder(), null, callerContext)

java

  @Override
  public ReactImageView createViewInstance(ThemedReactContext context) {
    return new ReactImageView(context, Fresco.newDraweeControllerBuilder(), null, mCallerContext);
  }

3. 通过@ReactProp（或@ReactPropGroup）注解来导出属性的设置方法。

要导出给 JavaScript 使用的属性，需要申明带有@ReactProp（或@ReactPropGroup）注解的设置方法。方法的第一个参数是要修改属性的视图实例，第二个参数是要设置的属性值。方法的返回值类型必须为void，在 Kotlin 中是 Unit，而且访问控制必须被声明为public。JavaScript 所得知的属性类型会由该方法第二个参数的类型来自动决定。支持的类型有：boolean, int, float, double, String, Boolean, Integer, ReadableArray, ReadableMap。Kotlin 中对应的则是 Boolean, Int, Float, Double, String, ReadableArray, ReadableMap.

@ReactProp注解必须包含一个字符串类型的参数name。这个参数指定了对应属性在 JavaScript 端的名字。

除了name，@ReactProp注解还接受这些可选的参数：defaultBoolean, defaultInt, defaultFloat。这些参数必须是对应的基础类型的值（也就是对应 Java 中的 boolean, int, float， 或是 Kotlin 中的 Boolean, Int, Float），这些值会被传递给 setter 方法，以免 JavaScript 端某些情况下在组件中移除了对应的属性。注意这个"默认"值只对基本类型生效，对于其他的类型而言，当对应的属性删除时，null会作为默认值提供给方法。

使用@ReactPropGroup来注解的设置方法和@ReactProp不同。请参见@ReactPropGroup注解类源代码中的文档来获取更多详情。

重要！ 在 ReactJS 里，修改一个属性会引发一次对设置方法的调用。有一种修改情况是，移除掉之前设置的属性。在这种情况下设置方法也一样会被调用，并且“默认”值会被作为参数提供（对于基础类型来说可以通过defaultBoolean、defaultFloat等@ReactProp的属性提供，而对于复杂类型来说参数则会设置为null）

kotlin

  @ReactProp(name = "src")
  fun setSrc(view: ReactImageView, sources: ReadableArray?) {
    view.setSource(sources)
  }

  @ReactProp(name = "borderRadius", defaultFloat = 0f)
  override fun setBorderRadius(view: ReactImageView, borderRadius: Float) {
    view.setBorderRadius(borderRadius)
  }

  @ReactProp(name = ViewProps.RESIZE_MODE)
  fun setResizeMode(view: ReactImageView, resizeMode: String?) {
    view.setScaleType(ImageResizeMode.toScaleType(resizeMode))
  }

java

  @ReactProp(name = "src")
  public void setSrc(ReactImageView view, @Nullable ReadableArray sources) {
    view.setSource(sources);
  }

  @ReactProp(name = "borderRadius", defaultFloat = 0f)
  public void setBorderRadius(ReactImageView view, float borderRadius) {
    view.setBorderRadius(borderRadius);
  }

  @ReactProp(name = ViewProps.RESIZE_MODE)
  public void setResizeMode(ReactImageView view, @Nullable String resizeMode) {
    view.setScaleType(ImageResizeMode.toScaleType(resizeMode));
  }

4. 注册ViewManager

最后一步就是把视图控制器注册到应用中。这和原生模块的注册方法类似，唯一的区别是我们把它放到createViewManagers方法的返回值里。

kotlin

  override fun createViewManagers(
      reactContext: ReactApplicationContext
  ) = listOf(ReactImageManager(reactContext))

java

  @Override
  public List<ViewManager> createViewManagers(
                            ReactApplicationContext reactContext) {
    return Arrays.<ViewManager>asList(
      new ReactImageManager(reactContext)
    );
  }

完成上面这些代码后，请一定记得要重新编译！（运行yarn android命令）

5. 实现对应的 JavaScript 模块

整个过程的最后一步就是创建 JavaScript 模块并且定义 Java 和 JavaScript 之间的接口层。我们建议你使用 TypeScript 来规范定义接口的具体结构，或者至少用注释说明清楚（老版本的 RN 使用propTypes来规范接口定义，这一做法已不再支持）。

ImageView.tsx

import { requireNativeComponent } from 'react-native';

/**
 * Composes `View`.
 *
 * - src: Array<{url: string}>
 * - borderRadius: number
 * - resizeMode: 'cover' | 'contain' | 'stretch'
 */
export default requireNativeComponent('RCTImageView');

requireNativeComponent目前只接受一个参数，即原生视图的名字。如果你还需要做一些复杂的逻辑譬如事件处理，那么可以把原生组件用一个普通 React 组件封装。后文的MyCustomView例子里演示了这种用法。

事件

现在我们已经知道了怎么导出一个原生视图组件，并且我们可以在 JS 里很方便的控制它了。不过我们怎么才能处理来自用户的事件，譬如缩放操作或者拖动？当一个原生事件发生的时候，它应该也能触发 JavaScript 端视图上的事件，这两个视图会依据getId()而关联在一起。

kotlin

class MyCustomView(context: Context) : View(context) {
  ...
  fun onReceiveNativeEvent() {
    val event = Arguments.createMap().apply {
      putString("message", "MyMessage")
    }
    val reactContext = context as ReactContext
    reactContext
        .getJSModule(RCTEventEmitter::class.java)
        .receiveEvent(id, "topChange", event)
  }
}

java

class MyCustomView extends View {
   ...
   public void onReceiveNativeEvent() {
      WritableMap event = Arguments.createMap();
      event.putString("message", "MyMessage");
      ReactContext reactContext = (ReactContext)getContext();
      reactContext
          .getJSModule(RCTEventEmitter.class)
          .receiveEvent(getId(), "topChange", event);
    }
}

要把事件名topChange映射到 JavaScript 端的onChange回调属性上，需要在你的ViewManager中覆盖getExportedCustomBubblingEventTypeConstants方法，并在其中进行注册：

kotlin

class ReactImageManager : SimpleViewManager<MyCustomView>() {
  ...
  override fun getExportedCustomBubblingEventTypeConstants(): Map<String, Any> {
    return mapOf(
      "topChange" to mapOf(
        "phasedRegistrationNames" to mapOf(
          "bubbled" to "onChange"
        )
      )
    )
  }
}

java

public class ReactImageManager extends SimpleViewManager<MyCustomView> {
    ...
    public Map getExportedCustomBubblingEventTypeConstants() {
        return MapBuilder.builder().put(
            "topChange",
            MapBuilder.of(
                "phasedRegistrationNames",
                MapBuilder.of("bubbled", "onChange")
            )
        ).build();
    }
}

这个回调会传递一个原生事件对象，一般来说我们会在封装组件里进行处理以便外部使用：

MyCustomView.tsx

import React, { useCallback } from 'react';

const MyCustomView = ({ onChangeMessage, ...props }) => {
  const onChange = useCallback((event) => {
    if (!onChangeMessage) {
      return;
    }
    onChangeMessage(event.nativeEvent.message);
  }, [onChangeMessage]);

  return (
    <RCTMyCustomView
      {...props}
      onChange={onChange}
    />
  );
};


const RCTMyCustomView = requireNativeComponent(`RCTMyCustomView`);

与 Android Fragment 的整合实例

为了将现有的原生 UI 元素整合到 React Native 应用中，你可能需要使用 Android Fragments 来对本地组件进行更精细的控制，而不是从 ViewManager 返回一个 View。如果你想在生命周期方法的帮助下添加与视图绑定的自定义逻辑，如onViewCreated、onPause、onResume，你会用得到它。下面的步骤将告诉你如何做到这一点：

1. 创建一个自定义视图

首先，我们创建一个继承自FrameLayout的CustomView类（这个视图的内容可以是您想要渲染的任何视图）

kotlin

CustomView.kt

// replace with your package
package com.mypackage

import android.content.Context
import android.graphics.Color
import android.widget.FrameLayout
import android.widget.TextView

class CustomView(context: Context) : FrameLayout(context) {
  init {
    // set padding and background color
    setPadding(16,16,16,16)
    setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor("#5FD3F3"))

    // add default text view
    addView(TextView(context).apply {
      text = "Welcome to Android Fragments with React Native."
    })
  }
}

java

CustomView.java

// replace with your package
package com.mypackage;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;

public class CustomView extends FrameLayout {
  public CustomView(@NonNull Context context) {
    super(context);
    // set padding and background color
    this.setPadding(16,16,16,16);
    this.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor("#5FD3F3"));

    // add default text view
    TextView text = new TextView(context);
    text.setText("Welcome to Android Fragments with React Native.");
    this.addView(text);
  }
}

2. 创建一个 Fragment

kotlin

MyFragment.kt

// replace with your package
package com.mypackage

import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment

// replace with your view's import
import com.mypackage.CustomView

class MyFragment : Fragment() {
  private lateinit var customView: CustomView

  override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View {
    super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState)
    customView = CustomView(requireNotNull(context))
    return customView // this CustomView could be any view that you want to render
  }

  override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
    // do any logic that should happen in an `onCreate` method, e.g:
    // customView.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  }

  override fun onPause() {
    super.onPause()
    // do any logic that should happen in an `onPause` method
    // e.g.: customView.onPause();
  }

  override fun onResume() {
    super.onResume()
    // do any logic that should happen in an `onResume` method
    // e.g.: customView.onResume();
  }

  override fun onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy()
    // do any logic that should happen in an `onDestroy` method
    // e.g.: customView.onDestroy();
  }
}

java

MyFragment.java

// replace with your package
package com.mypackage;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

// replace with your view's import
import com.mypackage.CustomView;

public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
    CustomView customView;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup parent, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreateView(inflater, parent, savedInstanceState);
        customView = new CustomView(this.getContext());
        return customView; // this CustomView could be any view that you want to render
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
        // do any logic that should happen in an `onCreate` method, e.g:
        // customView.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        // do any logic that should happen in an `onPause` method
        // e.g.: customView.onPause();
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
       // do any logic that should happen in an `onResume` method
       // e.g.: customView.onResume();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        // do any logic that should happen in an `onDestroy` method
        // e.g.: customView.onDestroy();
    }
}

3. 创建 ViewManager 子类

kotlin

MyViewManager.kt

// replace with your package
package com.mypackage

import android.view.Choreographer
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.FrameLayout
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity
import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReactApplicationContext
import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReadableArray
import com.facebook.react.uimanager.ThemedReactContext
import com.facebook.react.uimanager.ViewGroupManager
import com.facebook.react.uimanager.annotations.ReactPropGroup

class MyViewManager(
    private val reactContext: ReactApplicationContext
) : ViewGroupManager<FrameLayout>() {
  private var propWidth: Int? = null
  private var propHeight: Int? = null

  override fun getName() = REACT_CLASS

  /**
   * Return a FrameLayout which will later hold the Fragment
   */
  override fun createViewInstance(reactContext: ThemedReactContext) =
      FrameLayout(reactContext)

  /**
   * Map the "create" command to an integer
   */
  override fun getCommandsMap() = mapOf("create" to COMMAND_CREATE)

  /**
   * Handle "create" command (called from JS) and call createFragment method
   */
  override fun receiveCommand(
      root: FrameLayout,
      commandId: String,
      args: ReadableArray?
  ) {
    super.receiveCommand(root, commandId, args)
    val reactNativeViewId = requireNotNull(args).getInt(0)

    when (commandId.toInt()) {
      COMMAND_CREATE -> createFragment(root, reactNativeViewId)
    }
  }

  @ReactPropGroup(names = ["width", "height"], customType = "Style")
  fun setStyle(view: FrameLayout, index: Int, value: Int) {
    if (index == 0) propWidth = value
    if (index == 1) propHeight = value
  }

  /**
   * Replace your React Native view with a custom fragment
   */
  fun createFragment(root: FrameLayout, reactNativeViewId: Int) {
    val parentView = root.findViewById<ViewGroup>(reactNativeViewId)
    setupLayout(parentView)

    val myFragment = MyFragment()
    val activity = reactContext.currentActivity as FragmentActivity
    activity.supportFragmentManager
        .beginTransaction()
        .replace(reactNativeViewId, myFragment, reactNativeViewId.toString())
        .commit()
  }

  fun setupLayout(view: View) {
    Choreographer.getInstance().postFrameCallback(object: Choreographer.FrameCallback {
      override fun doFrame(frameTimeNanos: Long) {
        manuallyLayoutChildren(view)
        view.viewTreeObserver.dispatchOnGlobalLayout()
        Choreographer.getInstance().postFrameCallback(this)
      }
    })
  }

  /**
   * Layout all children properly
   */
  private fun manuallyLayoutChildren(view: View) {
    // propWidth and propHeight coming from react-native props
    val width = requireNotNull(propWidth)
    val height = requireNotNull(propHeight)

    view.measure(
        View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(width, View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY),
        View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(height, View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY))

    view.layout(0, 0, width, height)
  }

  companion object {
    private const val REACT_CLASS = "MyViewManager"
    private const val COMMAND_CREATE = 1
  }
}

java

MyViewManager.java

// replace with your package
package com.mypackage;

import android.view.Choreographer;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity;

import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReactApplicationContext;
import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReadableArray;
import com.facebook.react.common.MapBuilder;
import com.facebook.react.uimanager.annotations.ReactProp;
import com.facebook.react.uimanager.annotations.ReactPropGroup;
import com.facebook.react.uimanager.ViewGroupManager;
import com.facebook.react.uimanager.ThemedReactContext;

import java.util.Map;

public class MyViewManager extends ViewGroupManager<FrameLayout> {

  public static final String REACT_CLASS = "MyViewManager";
  public final int COMMAND_CREATE = 1;
  private int propWidth;
  private int propHeight;

  ReactApplicationContext reactContext;

  public MyViewManager(ReactApplicationContext reactContext) {
    this.reactContext = reactContext;
  }

  @Override
  public String getName() {
    return REACT_CLASS;
  }

  /**
   * Return a FrameLayout which will later hold the Fragment
   */
  @Override
  public FrameLayout createViewInstance(ThemedReactContext reactContext) {
    return new FrameLayout(reactContext);
  }

  /**
   * Map the "create" command to an integer
   */
  @Nullable
  @Override
  public Map<String, Integer> getCommandsMap() {
    return MapBuilder.of("create", COMMAND_CREATE);
  }

  /**
   * Handle "create" command (called from JS) and call createFragment method
   */
  @Override
  public void receiveCommand(
    @NonNull FrameLayout root,
    String commandId,
    @Nullable ReadableArray args
  ) {
    super.receiveCommand(root, commandId, args);
    int reactNativeViewId = args.getInt(0);
    int commandIdInt = Integer.parseInt(commandId);

    switch (commandIdInt) {
      case COMMAND_CREATE:
        createFragment(root, reactNativeViewId);
        break;
      default: {}
    }
  }

  @ReactPropGroup(names = {"width", "height"}, customType = "Style")
  public void setStyle(FrameLayout view, int index, Integer value) {
    if (index == 0) {
      propWidth = value;
    }

    if (index == 1) {
      propHeight = value;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Replace your React Native view with a custom fragment
   */
  public void createFragment(FrameLayout root, int reactNativeViewId) {
    ViewGroup parentView = (ViewGroup) root.findViewById(reactNativeViewId);
    setupLayout(parentView);

    final MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment();
    FragmentActivity activity = (FragmentActivity) reactContext.getCurrentActivity();
    activity.getSupportFragmentManager()
            .beginTransaction()
            .replace(reactNativeViewId, myFragment, String.valueOf(reactNativeViewId))
            .commit();
  }

  public void setupLayout(View view) {
    Choreographer.getInstance().postFrameCallback(new Choreographer.FrameCallback() {
      @Override
      public void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos) {
        manuallyLayoutChildren(view);
        view.getViewTreeObserver().dispatchOnGlobalLayout();
        Choreographer.getInstance().postFrameCallback(this);
      }
    });
  }

  /**
   * Layout all children properly
   */
  public void manuallyLayoutChildren(View view) {
      // propWidth and propHeight coming from react-native props
      int width = propWidth;
      int height = propHeight;

      view.measure(
              View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(width, View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY),
              View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(height, View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY));

      view.layout(0, 0, width, height);
  }
}

4. 注册 ViewManager

kotlin

MyPackage.kt

// replace with your package
package com.mypackage

import com.facebook.react.ReactPackage
import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReactApplicationContext
import com.facebook.react.uimanager.ViewManager

class MyPackage : ReactPackage {
  ...
  override fun createViewManagers(
      reactContext: ReactApplicationContext
  ) = listOf(MyViewManager(reactContext))
}

java

MyPackage.java

// replace with your package
package com.mypackage;

import com.facebook.react.ReactPackage;
import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReactApplicationContext;
import com.facebook.react.uimanager.ViewManager;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class MyPackage implements ReactPackage {

   @Override
   public List<ViewManager> createViewManagers(ReactApplicationContext reactContext) {
       return Arrays.<ViewManager>asList(
            new MyViewManager(reactContext)
       );
   }

}

5. 注册 Package

kotlin

MainApplication.kt

override fun getPackages(): List<ReactPackage> =
    PackageList(this).packages.apply {
        // Packages that cannot be autolinked yet can be added manually here, for example:
        // add(MyReactNativePackage())
        add(MyAppPackage())
    }

java

MainApplication.java

@Override
protected List<ReactPackage> getPackages() {
    List<ReactPackage> packages = new PackageList(this).getPackages();
    // Packages that cannot be autolinked yet can be added manually here, for example:
    // packages.add(new MyReactNativePackage());
    packages.add(new MyAppPackage());
    return packages;
}

6. 执行 JavaScript 模块

I. MyViewManager.tsx

MyViewManager.tsx

import { requireNativeComponent } from 'react-native';
export const MyViewManager =
  requireNativeComponent('MyViewManager');

II. MyView.tsx 调用 create 方法

MyView.tsx

import React, { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
import { UIManager, findNodeHandle } from 'react-native';
import { MyViewManager } from './my-view-manager';
const createFragment = viewId =>
  UIManager.dispatchViewManagerCommand(
    viewId,
    // we are calling the 'create' command
    UIManager.MyViewManager.Commands.create.toString(),
    [viewId],
  );

export const MyView = ({ style }) => {
  const ref = useRef(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    const viewId = findNodeHandle(ref.current);
    createFragment(viewId!);
  }, []);

  return (
    <MyViewManager
      style={{
        ...(style || {}),
        height: style && style.height !== undefined ? style.height || '100%',
        width: style && style.width !== undefined ? style.width || '100%'
      }}
      ref={ref}
    />
  );
};

如果您想使用公开属性设置器 @ReactProp (or @ReactPropGroup) 详见上面的 ImageView 示例。